I’ve been having a look at my diving duck photographs over the last few years and have decided to put together this guide to their identification.

WHITE-WINGED SCOTER

Scoters are heavy blackish ducks with a white wing patch (occasionally concealed).

Males have a tick of white near the eye and an orange bill.

Females are sooty in colour rather than black and have 2 light patches on the face.

LONG-TAILED DUCK

Long-tailed Ducks are mostly black and white.

Males have a needlelike tail.

Females do not have a long tail and have dark wings and a white face.

CANVASBACK

The Canvasback has a sloping head and bill profile.

The female is grayish with a suggestion of pale rust on the head and neck.

The male looks very white with a chestnut-red head and neck.

REDHEAD

Redheads somewhat resemble Canvasbacks though Canvasbacks are bigger with long sloping foreheads and much whiter backs.

Females are brownish with a suffused light patch near the bill.

Males are gray with a black chest and a round reddish head.

RING-NECKED DUCK

Ring-necked Ducks look a bit like scaup but have black backs and have a prominent white crescent on the sides in front of the wings.

The male has a black back, a vertical white mark before the wing and the bill is crossed with a white ring.

The female has an indistinct light face patch, a dark eye and a white eye-ring.

GREATER SCAUP

Greater Scaup form large “rafts” sometimes with 1,000 or more individuals in our area in winter. In comparison to Lesser Scaup, the head is rounder, less domed and somewhat glossed with dull green.

Females are dark brown with a clean-cut white mask near the bill.

Males are black at both ends and white and white in the middle.

LESSER SCAUP

The Lesser Scaup is usually found in shallow, marshy habitat, not in deep water where the Greater Scaup is seen. They are also a few centimetres shorter in length.

The male shows somewhat of a domed head compared to the rounder head of Greater Scaup. In addition, the head is glossed mainly in dull purple rather than the dull green of the Greater Scaup.

Like the female of the Greater Scaup, the female Lesser Scaup is dark brown with a clean-cut white mask near the bill.

COMMON GOLDENEYE

The first impression of the male Goldeneye is of a mainly white duck with black head, back and tail and a golden eye.

Males have a puffy green-glossed head.

Females are gray with a white collar and a dark brown head and wings with large square white patches.

BUFFLEHEAD

Buffleheads were originally called “Buffalo Heads” because of their large heads. Over time, this became “bufflehead.”

Males are mostly white with a black back, puffy head and a large bonnetlike white patch on the head.

Females are dark and compact with a white cheek spot and a small bill. Some say that she has a “feather in her cap.”

Miles Hearn